A detailed quantification and comparative analysis of carbon emissions for three landfill final cover systems: (i) soil-only cover; (ii) soil-geosynthetic cover; and (iii) an engineered turf cover are presented. Various sustainability aspects and potential environmental considerations for cover systems such as land disturbance, borrow areas, water use, water quality, health and safety, and incremental closures are presented. Opportunities and operational activities that can be adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the use of covers are discussed.1.0 PDH