G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) interact with G-proteins to facilitate a crucial cellular signaling pathway that accounts for about 30% of FDA-approved drug targets. Yet, it is not entirely understood exactly how GPCRs and G-proteins come into contact in the cell membrane. This research utilizes particle-based reaction-diffusion simulations to understand how experimentally observed GPCR and G-protein clustering could affect the signaling process. We find that the clustering of GPCRs can boost signaling speeds locally while reducing the overall reaction rate between both molecules, whereas the clustering of both GPCRs and G-proteins can boost reaction rates both locally and globally.
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