The pseudorapidity dependence of particle production provides key insights into the partonic structure of the projectile and target and is, in particular at LHC energies, sensitive to non-linear QCD evolution in the initial state. At LHC, final-state particle production is mainly studied in the central kinematic region; however, there is a rich opportunity for measurement in the forward direction, which probes the nucleon structure at small Bjorken-x values. Moreover, investigating the system-size dependence of the particle production at the same collision energy is particularly important for directly studying nuclear effects.
In the first part of this talk, I will present the recent ALICE results of particle production using Run 1 and Run 2 data across various colliding systems (pp, p-Pb, Xe-Xe, Pb-Pb) at different collision energies in the midrapidity region as well as in the wide pseudorapidity region (-3.4 < 𝜂 < 5).
In the second part of the presentation, I will introduce the upgraded ALICE configuration for Run 3 and present the first results from pp collisions at 13.6 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at 5.36 TeV. Particle production mechanisms will also be explored by comparing the results with various theoretical models.