Title - Characterization of in vitro neuron behavior for biological computing
Abstract (Saeedur Raman): In the human brain, input from sensory neurons is relayed through different pathways to the cortex for processing. To replicate sensory input-driven cortical dynamics in vitro, we have developed a simplified platform on Microelectrode Array (MEA) chips, consisting of stem cell-derived optogenetic mouse cortical neurospheres (input) seeded on top of a 2D monolayer of non-optogenetic mouse primary neurons (integrator/processor). We have found that, in addition to native population activity patterns, input stimuli through different neurospheres generate distinct sequential activation of the primary neurons. We ask the question: Can this sequential activation be used as a substrate of working memory, similar to in vivo?
Abstract (Ki Yun Lee): Neural communication is central to learning and memory, and while it has long been studied as a chemical process involving synaptic vesicles and neurotransmitters, emerging evidence highlights the role of mechanical tension in modulating neural signaling. This growing perspective opens new avenues for rethinking how information is processed and retained in neural systems. In this study, we investigate the impact of mechanical tension on memory formation and recall in vitro. To complement our experimental approach, we develop a computational model of a spiking neural network. Our central hypothesis is that mechanical tension within the neural network—such as axonal pulling and enhanced neuronal contraction—supports memory retention by accelerating vesicle recovery and enhancing network excitability. By integrating mechanical and computational insights, this work aims to deepen our understanding of how the physical state of neurons contributes to higher-order functions like learning. Ultimately, this research could inform new strategies for neurorehabilitation or neuromorphic computing that integrate both chemical and mechanical principles of brain function.
Biography (Saeedur Raman): Saeedur Rahman is a PhD candidate in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, advised by Professor Taher Saif. As part of the Mind in Vitro project, he is working on the effect of mechanical tension on in vitro neuronal population activity and computation.
Biography (Ki Yun Lee): Ki Yun Lee is a Ph.D. candidate in Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, advised by Prof. Taher Saif. He has been working on the Mind in Vitro project for the past two years, investigating memory and learning in cultured neural networks. His research experience spans both academia and industry, with a focus on exercise effects on in vitro systems, tension-mediated learning and memory, and receptor biology in olfactory sensory neurons.
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