Physical activity and health have become an important area on the public agenda. In the last 20 years, the National Health Promotion Policy has prioritized physical activity in the Brazilian Unified Health System. However, access to physical activity is still a challenge, with marked inequalities, especially in terms of class, race and gender. Increasing access to leisure-time physical activity and promoting a critical examination of the different domains of physical activity and their social interfaces should be on the public agenda.