Production of heavy quarkonium provides for a unique probe to the
gluonic structure of the nucleon. A new generation of experiments at
Jefferson Lab in the 12 GeV era use near-threshold J/ψ production to
study topics related to the dynamic origin of nucleon mass, the nature
of the color Van der Waals force, and the existence of the LHCb
charmed pentaquark. These topics can also be studied at the future
electron-ion collider (EIC) through near-threshold Y production.
Furthermore, EIC will enable access to the full three-dimensional
tomographic image of the gluonic structure of the nucleon through J/ψ
and Y production at high energies. I will discuss in particular my J/ψ
experiment in Hall C, the future SoLID experiment and the
possibilities at an EIC.
