Relativistic light species like neutrinos play a pivotal role in shaping the cosmic history of the universe. In this talk, I will focus on how neutrinos affect cosmic history in particular. In the early universe, neutrinos interact via the weak force and leave behind measurable imprints in the primordial abundances of light elements. Neutrinos also contribute to the effective number of relativistic species, which influences the evolution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I will begin with a pedagogical introduction to the "Standard Models” of cosmology and particle physics. I will then discuss how neutrinos affect both Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the CMB. Finally, I will present my work on neutrino chemical potentials and explore how joint constraints from BBN and CMB observations can shed light on these parameters.
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