Searching for new physics at accelerator neutrino experiments including the future DUNE, colliders such as the LHC, and many other experiments requires precisely understanding the interactions of protons, neutrons, and nuclei with neutrinos and with one another. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) provides a method for describing the structure and interactions of protons, neutrons, and nuclei directly from the Standard Model interactions of quarks and gluons. I will first present a recent lattice QCD prediction of the rapidity anomalous dimension, also called the Collins-Soper kernel, a universal QCD structure function describing the transverse-momentum dependence of hadron and nuclear cross sections that is relevant in particular for measurements of the W boson mass. I will then discuss how lattice QCD and effective field theory can be used to understand how lower-energy nuclear interactions emerge from the underlying dynamics of quarks and gluons.
